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    November 12

    2634-何等為『一諦之十行』

    標題:何等為『一諦之十行』

     

        眾所周知:『一諦』者,對於二諦三諦而言。謂究竟無二之實義也。與所謂一實諦同。如同<涅槃經>曰:「文殊白佛言:第一義中有世諦不,世諦之中有第一義不,如其有者,即是一諦,如其無者,將非如來虛妄說耶?佛答曰:世諦者,即第一義諦。有善方便故,隨順眾生,說有二諦。」是世諦即第一義諦,言有二諦者,示方便之意也。又<勝鬘經>謂:「四聖諦中,三諦是虛妄法,不真實,一滅諦為真實諦。」<智度論>曰:「聲聞人以四諦得道,菩薩以一諦入道。」至於何等為『一諦之十行』?依《華嚴經內章門等雜孔目章》開示:轉法輪者,有其二種(1)一乘轉;(2)三乘小乘轉。一乘轉者,一諦有十行,如下經說

    (一)        具足清淨四無所畏。

    (二)        出生四辯淨妙音聲。

    (三)        了四諦。

    (四)        隨順諸佛無礙法門。

    (五)        清淨等心,悉能普覆一切眾生。

    (六)        所說不虛,決定濟度眾生苦際。

    (七)        宿世大悲所持。

    (八)        以妙法輪音聲充滿法界,一切眾生無不聞知。

    (九)        阿僧祇劫常說正法,未曾暫息。

    (十)        轉諸根力覺意解脫諸禪三昧,相續不絕。餘三諦準亦同之。

        由此觀之,如是『十者』,即所謂一諦之十行,此為吾等學佛修道者不可不知。何以故?蓋『行』者,即身口意之造作也。內心之趣於外境如心行。如同<大乘義章>曰:「內心涉境,說名為行。」<俱舍論>曰:「行名造作。」<大乘義章>曰:「起作名行。」<法界次第>曰:「造作之心,能趣於果,名為行。」<玄義>曰:「夫行名進趣,非智不進。」【又】從有為法之因緣集起,遷流於三世也。如同<大乘義章>曰:「有為集起,目之為行。」<俱舍頌疏>曰:「造作遷流二義名行,據此義邊,色等五蘊,俱合名行。」<俱舍光記>曰:「若於造作,或約遷流餘四蘊,亦名為行。」<增一阿含經>曰:「色如聚沫,受如浮泡,想如野馬,行如芭蕉,識為幻法。」

        總而言之,『四諦』者,謂聲聞乘法,不出四諦。四諦又名四聖諦、四真諦,為聖者所見之真理也。一苦諦、二集諦、三滅諦、四道諦。諦者真實不虛之義,謂真實之道理不虛妄也。如俗事虛妄之道理名俗諦,涅槃寂滅之道理名真諦。見此諦理者曰聖者,不然曰凡夫。苦諦者,三界六趣之苦報也,是迷之果也。集諦者,貪瞋等之煩惱,及善惡之諸業,此二能集起三界六趣之苦報,故名集諦,是迷之因也。滅諦者涅槃也。涅槃滅惑業,離生死之苦,真空寂滅,名曰滅,是悟之果也。道諦者,八正道也。能通涅槃,故為道,是悟之因也。初二為流轉之因果,又名世間因果。後二為還滅之因果,又名出世間因果。願與諸仁者共勉之!2009118日星期日
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